Saintpaulia Reference List

Shortcut to topics:

General - Ecology - Taxonomy and evolution - Conservation - Other

 

General:

Anonymous 1992: Saintpaulia - de vilda arterna. Botaniska Trädgården, Uppsala Universitet. 20 pp.

Baatvik, S. T. 1993: The genus Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae) 100 years: History, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and conservation. - Fragmenta Floristica Geobotanica Supplementum 2(1): 97-112.

Haarer, A. E. 1955: Saintpaulias in the wild. - Gard. Chron. 3, ser 138: 172.

Lupala, S., Kolehmainen, J. & Killenga, R. 2003: Saintpaulia: Eastern Arc Hidden Treasure. - Misitu ni Uhai (Forestry is Wealth) Newsletter 6 (1): 31-32.

Martins, D. J. 2005: The wild side of the African violet. - Swara, July-Sept 2005: 44-47.

Punter, R. E. 1958: A search for African violets on the Sigi River. - African Violet Magazine 12: 10-11.

Smith, J. 1997: "Saintpaulia: Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution". http://www.gesneriads.ca/saintart.htm.

Watkins, C., Kolehmainen, J. & Schulman, L. 2002: The African Violet Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae) - An Interim Guide. 52 p. Worldstage. Cambridge, United Kingdom.

 

Ecology:

Anonymous 2002: Saintpaulia self-pollination. - African Violet Magazine 55(6): 39.

Heimala, V. Amegilla-mehiläiset (Hymenoptera; Apidae) saintpaulian (Saintpaulia; Gesneriaceae) pölyttäjinä. - Pro gradu- tutkielma, Helsingin yliopisto, Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, helmikuu 2008.

Johansson, D. R. 1978: Saintpaulias in their natural environment with notes on their present status in Tanzania and Kenya. - Biological Conservation 14: 45-62.

Kolehmainen, J. 2008: Ecology, population genetics and conservation of the African violet (Saintpaulia, Gesneriaceae) – Academic Dissertation, Faculty of Biosciences and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki.

Kolehmainen, J., Korpelainen, H. & Mutikainen, P.: Inbreeding and inbreeding depression in a threatened endemic plant, the African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha ssp. grotei), of the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. - African Journal of Ecology, in press.

Kolehmainen, J., and Mutikainen, P. 2006: Reproductive ecology of three species of the endangered African violet (Saintpaulia) in the East Usambara Mts., Tanzania. - African Journal of Ecology 44 (2): 219-227.

Kolehmainen, J. & Mutikainen, P. 2007: Population stage structure, survival and recruitment in the endangered East African forest herb Saintpaulia. - Plant Ecology 192: 85-95.

Kolehmainen, J. 2000: African Violets (Saintpaulia) in Amani Nature Reserve, East Usambara, NE Tanzania - Population Ecology and Conservation Needs. M.Sc. thesis. University of Helsinki, Finland. 48 p.

Martins, D.J. 2008. Pollination observations of the African Violet in the Taita Hills, Kenya. J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. 97: 33–42.

 

Taxonomy and evolution:

Bruce, E. A. 1933: Saintpaulia alba - Kew Bulletin 1933 (10): 475-476.

Burtt, B. L. 1947: Species of Saintpaulia. - Gard. Chron. 3, ser. 122: 22-23.

Burtt, B. L. 1948: Saintpaulia tongwensis. - Curtis's Botanical Magazine 165: N.S. t. 11.

Burtt, B. L. 1955: Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World IX: Two new species from Africa. - Notes of the Royal Botanic Gardarden Edinburgh 21: 238-239.

Burtt, B. L. 1956: A confusion in African violets. - Baileya 4: 163-164.

Burtt, B. L. 1958: Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XV: The genus Saintpaulia. - Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 22 (6): 547-568.

Burtt, B. L. 1964: Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXV: Additional notes on Saintpaulia. - Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 25 (3):191-195.

Burtt, B. L. 1976a: S. rupicola. - In: Flowering plants of Africa. 43: pl. 1720.

Burtt, B. L. 1976b: S. orbicularis var. purpurea. - Curtis's Botanical Magazine 181(2): 77-79, tab. 722.

Cox, H. & Roberts, E. P. 1950: Saintpaulia tongwensis. - African Violet Magazine 3 (4): 5.

Cox, H. & Roberts, E. P. 1951: Species nomenclature of the African violet. Continued, with special attention to the species Saintpaulia goetzeana. - African Violet Magazine 4(3): 16-17.

Darbyshire I. 2006. Gesneriaceae. Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Engler, A. 1900: Gesneriaceae. - Botanische Jahrbücher 28(4): 481-483, Tab. 5-7.

Engler, A. 1921: Gesneriaceae africanae, IV. - Botanische Jahrbücher 57: 202-204.

Harrison, C. J., Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 1999: Evolution and development of floral diversity in Streptocarpus and Saintpaulia. - Annals of Botany, London 84(1): 49-60

Hooker, J. D. 1895: Saintpaulia ionantha. - Curtis's Botanical Magazine, tab. 7408.

Kolehmainen, J. & Korpelainen, H. 2008: Morphotypes, varieties, or subspecies?: genetic diversity and differentiation of four Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae) morphotypes from the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 347–355.

Linqvist, C. & Albert, V. A. 1999: Phylogeny and conservation of African violets (Saintpaulia: Gesneriaceae): new findings based on nuclear ribosomal 5S non-transcribed spacer sequences. - Kew Bulletin 54: 363-377.

Linqvist, C. & Albert, V. A. 2001: A high elevation ancestry for the Usambara mountains and lowland populations of African violets. - Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71: 37-44.

Machara, S., Pearce, T.R., Bytebier, B. & Aman, R. 1996: Molecular taxonomy of Saintpaulia rupicola and the genus Saintpaulia. In: van der Maesen, L. J. G. et al. (eds.) 1996: The Biodiversity of African Plants, pp. 329-330. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.

Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 1997a: Origin and relationships of Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae) based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. - American Journal of Botany 84(7): 956-965.

Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 1997b: Phylogeny and disjunct distribution: evolution of Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae). - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 264: 1827-1836.

Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 1999: New approaches to the systematics of Saintpaulia and

Streptocarpus. In: Andrews, S., Leslie, A.C. & Alexander, C. (eds.): Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants: Third Symposium, pp. 253-264. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Roberts, E. P. 1950: A new species of Saintpaulia. - African Violet Magazine 3(2): 6-7.

Roberts, E. P. 1952: A key to the genus Saintpaulia. - African Violet Magazine 6: 24.

Smith, J. F., Kresge, M. E., Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 1998: A cladistic analysis of ndhF sequences from representative species of Saintpaulia and Streptocarpus subgenera Streptocarpus and Streptocarpella (Gesneriaceae). - Edinburgh Journal of Botany 55 (1): 1-11.

Weigend, M. and T. J. Edwards 1996: The palynology of Streptocarpus and the other African and

Malagasy Gesneriaceae and its systematical implications. - Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118: 59-80.

Wendland, H. 1893: Saintpaulia ionantha. - Gartenflora 42: 321-324, Tab. 1391.


Conservation:

Anonymous 1985: African violet may disappear from the wild. - New Scientist, 2 May 1985, p. 7.

Clarke, G. P. 1998: Plants in Peril, 24: Notes on lowland African Violets Saintpaulia) in the wild. -
Curtis's Botanical Magazine 15: 62-67.

Eastwood, A., Bytebier, B., Tye, H., Tye, A., Robertson, A. & Maunder, M. 1998: The conservation status of Saintpaulia. - Curtis's Botanical Magazine 15: 49-62.

Eastwood, A. & Maunder, M. 1995: A Conservation Assessment of Saintpaulia taxa cultivated within the Living Collections, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Species Assessment Report No. 2. Unpublished RBG Kew, UK. Conservation Projects Development Unit.

Hertel, G. 2002: The Conservation status of Saintpaulia teitensis B.L. Burtt (Taita African Violet) in the forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya. - African Violet Magazine, Nov-Dec 2002: 40-42.

Kapya, J. A. 1995: Salvage of the African violet (Saintpaulia tongwensis) community at Pangani Falls. - Unpublished report, University of Dar es Salaam.

Kolehmainen, J. 2005: African violet conservation and ecotourism in Tanga Region, Tanzania. - African Violet Magazine 58 (5): 27-29.

Kolehmainen, J. 2005: Saintpaulian ekologia ja uhanalaisuus luonnossa. - Ulmus 6 (Saintpaulia-lehti 1/2005): 9-12.

Kolehmainen J. & Killenga, R. 2004: Urgent Need for Restoration of the African Violet habitat in the Amboni Caves, Tanga, Tanzania. - Arc Journal 16, March, 2004: 11-12.

Mather, S. 1986: The Mystery of the Amboni Caves. - African Violet Magazine 39(4): 53-54.

Mather, S. 1987: Saintpaulia Species in jeopardy. - African Violet Magazine 40(3): 30-31.

Mather, S. 1989: Saintpaulia. In: Hamilton, A. C. & Bensted-Smith, R. (eds.) 1989: Forest Conservation in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. IUCN. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 392 p.

Miranto, M. 2005: Living Collections of Botanic Gardens as a Means of Ex situ Conservation - A Case Study of African Violets (Saintpaulia) in Europe. - Msc Thesis. University of Helsinki.

Schulman, L. & Kolehmainen, J. 2004. Saving wild African violets (Saintpaulia, Gesneriaceae): a review of ongoing activities and a plan for ex situ conservation. - Scripta Botanica Belgica 29: 165-170.

Sheil, D. 1993: What future for the African Violets. - Swara 16(5): 18-21.

Simiyu, S. W. 1995: When not to translocate: the case of the African violet, Tanzania. - Re-introduction News 11: 13.

Simiyu, S. W., Muthoka, P., Jefwa, J., Bytebier, B. & Pearce, T. R. 1996: The conservation status of the genus Saintpaulia in Kenya. In: van der Maesen, L. J. G. et al. (eds.) 1996: The Biodiversity of African Plants, pp. 341-344. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.

Tengeza, A. & Githitho, A. 2009: Kachororoni Saintpaulia Conservation Project, Progress report, March /2009.

Walter, K.S. & Gillet, H.J. (eds.) 1998: 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Pp. 293-294. The IUCN Species Survival Commission.


Other:

Arisumi, T. 1964: Interspecific hybridization in African Violets. - Journal of Heredity 55: 181-182.

Bodner, M.& Larcher, W. 1989: Chilling susceptibility of wild Saintpaulia spp. of different altitudinal origin. - Angewandte Botanik 63: 501-512.

Clayberg, C. D. 1961: Hybridizing with the African Violet Species. - African Violet Magazine 14:105-107.

Cole, C. 1994: Insect and Mite Pests of African Violets. Becker Printing, Beaumont, TX.

Dümmer, R. A. 1912: Peloria in Saintpaulia ionantha, Wendland. - Ann. Bot. 26: 946-947.

Ehrlich, H.G. 1956: Cytological studies in Saintpaulia Wendl. (Gesneriacea). Ph.D Thesis, University of Minnesota.

Faust, J. E. & Heins, R. D. 1994: Modeling inflorescence development of the African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.). - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119 (4): 727-734.

Griesbach, R. J. 1998: Flavonoids in Saintpaulia ionantha expressing the fantasy mutation. - Phytochemistry, Oxford 48 (5): 829-830.

Huber, E. 1953: Beitrag zur anatomischen Untersuchung der Antheren von Saintpaulia. -
Sitzungsber. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Math. - Naturv. Kl. Abt. 1, 162.

Ives, W. and J. Smith. 1992: A comparison of leaf anthocyanins in genus Saintpaulia. - AfricanViolet Magazine 47(2): 54-56.

Lo, K.H. 1997: Factors affecting shoot organogenesis in leaf disc culture of African violet. - Scientia Horticulturae 72: 49-57.

Moore, H. E. 1957: African Violets, Gloxinias and Their Relatives, A Guide to the Cultivated
Gesneriads. The Macmillan Co, New York. 323 p.

Naylor, E. E. & Johnson, B. 1937: A histological study of vegetative reproduction in Saintpaulia. - American Journal of Botan 14: 673.

Reed, S. C. 1954: African Violet Genetics. - Journal of Heredity 45, 225-230.

Robey, M. J. 1980: African violets - Queens of the Indoor Gardening Kingdom. The Tantivy Press. 199 p.

Robey, M. J. 1988: African violets, gifts from nature. Cornwall Books, New York.

Smith, J. L. 1990: Chemical analysis of the flower pigments in African violets: Part I - African Violet Magazine, May 1990, p. 18.

Smith, J. L. 1990: Chemical analysis of the flower pigments in African violets: PART II - African Violet Magazine, Jul 1990, p. 17.

Smith, J. L. 1990: Genetic model of flower color inheritance in African violets - African Violet Magazine, Sep 1990, p. 37.

Smith, J. L. 1991. A chemical analysis of the flower pigments in African violets: Part III. - African Violet Magazine 44(6): 20-22.

Wilson, H. van Pelt, 1953: The complete book of African violets. M. Barrows and Co., New York. 299 p.

Wilson, J. H. 1898: Observations on the flowers, fruit, and seedlings of Saintpaulia ionantha, Wend. - Botanisch Jaarboek 10: 86-108.